Activity 8: Exploration of Chemistry

1. Choose any Teaching Idea from any of the Chemistry Simulations (http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/category/chemistry ) and post your results/data and/or answers on your blog.

2. Work with any of the Chemistry Simulations to create your own Teaching Idea. The criteria for this is as follows:
a. must identify and meet three (3) science education standards

·         Standard A: Science connections Performance Standards –Grade 12

o   A. 12.3 Give examples that show how partial systems, models, and explanation are used to give and reasonable solutions that are accurate enough for basic needs

o   A.12.6 Identify and, using evidence learned or discovered, replace inaccurate personal models and explanations of science-related events

·         Standards D: Physical Science Performance - Grade 12

o   D.12.4 Explain how substances, both simple and complex, interact with one another to produce new substances

b. must be original work
c. must be scientifically accurate and appropriate for the directed grade level.

My Own Teaching Idea:

Balancing Chemical Equations

Introduction:

Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes and of the energy that brings about these changes or is released when changes occur

Part one: Definitions

Chemical equation: Shorthand way of describing chemical change using symbols and formulas to represent the elements and compounds involved in the change.

Reactants: a starting material or original substance in a chemical change; reactant formulas precede the arrow in a chemical equation

Products: a substance produced by a chemical reaction; product formulas follow the arrow in a chemical equation

+ (plus sign): add or combine together

à (arrow sign): yield, or reactant(s) to produce

Part two: Stimulation

Open and run the Balancing Chemical Equations stimulation

On the Introduction tab, Click Make Ammonia.

1.             What is the product for 1N₂ + 3H₂ à2NH₃?

Click on Separate Water.

2.             What is the product of 2H₂O à 2H₂ + 1O₂?

Click on Combust Methane.

3.             What is the reactant 1CH₄ + 2O₂ à 1CO₂ +2H₂O

On the Balancing Game tab, set the game settings to level one, set the timer off and the sound on. Play the game. Write down equations.  (Equations will vary-this is just to demonstrate)

Level 1

1.             2C + 1O₂ à 2CO

2.             2H₂ + 1O₂ à 2H₂O

3.             2CO₂ à 2CO + 1O₂

4.             1CH₂O +1H₂ à 1CH₃OH

5.             2NO à 1N₂ + 1O₂

Level 2

1.             1CH₄ + 4S à 1CS₂ + 2H₂S

2.             1OF₂ + 1H₂O à 1O₂ + 2HF

3.             2C + 2H₂O à 1CH₄ + 1CH₄ + 1CO₂

4.             1SO₂ + 3H₂ à 1H₂S + 2H₂O

5.             1C₂H₄ + 3O₂ à 2CO₂ + 2H₂O

Level 3

1.             4NO + 6H₂O à 4NH₃ + 5O₂

2.             1C₂H₅OH + 3O₂ à 2CO₂ + 3H₂O

3.             2C₂H₆ + 7O₂ à 4CO₂ + 6H₂O

4.             4NH₃ + 6NO à 5N₂ + 6H₂O

5.             4CO₂ + 2H₂O à 2C₂H₂ + 5O₂

Activity 7: Acids and Bases

1. Review the Content Slides Acids and Bases on the D2L site.

2. Complete the Teaching Idea “Concept Questions for Chemistry using PhET” posted by Trish Loeblein on the pH Scale simulation at PHET (http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/ph-scale). On your blog post the answers with your scientific explanations from the “Clicker Questions pH Scale” posted by Trish.

Clicker Questions pH Scales

1)      The color of a solution identifies if it is an acid, base, or neutral solution.

a.       False.  Many acids, base, or neutral solutions comes in different colors, for example, orange juice, lemon juice and soda are acids but they are different colors.

2)      Which solution is basic?

a.       D. More than one.  Both the solutions B (blood) and C (custom liquid) have a pH above 7 making them basic.

3)      Which solution is acidic?

a.       C. Acid solution form hydrogen ions (H⁺), while basic solution forms hydroxide (OH^-).

4)      Which solution is basic?

a.       B. Solution B have more OH^-

5)      Which solution is acidic?

a.       D. More than one.  Solution A is Soda pop while solution B is Coffee, both of which is acidic

6)      How will adding water affect the pH?

a.       A. Increase the pH.  By adding water, it is diluting the acidic solution, which makes the pH go up.

7)      How will equal amount of water affect the pH?

a.       B.Decrease the pH. By adding water to the basic solution, it is diluting the solution, making the pH go down.

8)      What is the order from most acidic to most basic?

a.       A. A (6.50pH) B (7.40 pH) C(12.06 pH).

9)      What is the order from most acidic to most basic?

a.       E. CAB. On the pH scale 7 is neutral, anything below 7 is considered acidic, and anything above 7 is basic.

10)   If spit has a pH = 7.4, what does that tell you about the water equilibrium? 2H₂O « OH^- + H₃O⁺

a.       A. Something was added that made the equilibrium shift left.  The equilibrium is shifted left because the pH of the spit is 7.4 which means that something was added to the water.

3. Complete the Teaching Idea “Intro to Strong and Weak Acids and Bases” posted by Chris Bires on the Acid-Base Solutions simulation (http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/acid-base-solutions) and post on your blog your data and answers to the questions posed.

Activity 6: States of Matter and Intermolecular Forces

1. Convert 0°F, 32°F, 70°F, and 212°F to Kelvin

• 0°F: (0°F -32)*5/9+273.15 = 255.37K

• 32°F: (32°F -32)*5/9+273.15 = 273.15K

• 70°F: (70°F -32)*5/9+273.15 = 294.26K

• 212°F: (212°F -32)*5/9+273.15 = 373.15K

2. Complete the Teaching Idea: States of Matter Simulation Lab by Kelly Vaughan. Complete the lab worksheet as if you were a student, and then post this on your blog. You can scan it or just take a picture of it.

3. In the States of Matter simulation, choose the Solid, Liquid, and Gas Tab at the top of the screen. Choose the water molecule and cool the water to 0 K. Describe how the water molecules are aligned and attracted to each other. Which atoms are attracted to which other atoms?

• The water molecules lined up in a particular way. The hydrogen are attached to either other hydrogen or oxygen.

4. Switch to the Phase Changes Tab on the States of Matter simulation. Notice how on the bottom right there is a small red dot that indicates where the system is at as far as temperature, pressure and state of matter. Play with the simulation to notice changes, notice that when you push down the pressure can go way up and explode the box. On your blog, report a temperature and pressure required to make oxygen a liquid. This is sometimes how the oxygen exists in pressurized oxygen tanks, perhaps like ones you may use to go diving.

• Temperature: 135K

• Pressure: 3.35ATM

5. List and describe at least two Science Standards that this activity addresses.

• Science Standard A: Science Connections Performance Standards-Grade 8:
• A.8.1 Develop their understanding of science themes by using the themes to frame questions about science-related issues and problems 
• A.8.6 Use models and explanations to predict actions and events in the natural world

• Science Standard C: Science Inquiry Performance Standards- Grade 8
• C.8.8 Use computer software and other technologies to organize, process, and present their data

Activity 5: Density

1. Run the Build an Atom simulation http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/build-an-atom and build a neutral lithium atom and a neutral boron atom.  Take a picture, or a screen shot, of these two atoms and place them on your blog.  List the number of protons, neutrons and electrons for each. Also look up and post the density for each of the elements on your blog.

·         Lithium

o   Protons: 3

o   Neutrons: 3

o   Electrons: 3

o   Density: 0.534 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³⁾

     

      

  

·         Boron

o   Protons: 5

o   Neutrons: 6

o   Electrons: 5

o   Density: 2.36 g/cm³

 
2. Define density and the equation for density and post on your blog.

·         Density is defined as the quantity of mass per unit volume. The equation for solving density is density = mass / volume

3. Run the Density simulation http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/density and complete one(your choice) of the prepared Teaching Ideas and post your results on your blog. The activity you choose should be one of the student intended activities.









4. Complete the Mystery Blocks activity on the Density simulation.  Post on your blog the data you collected (mass, volume, and density) and the identification of the material and the known density.

Sample	Volume (L)	Mass (kg)	Density (kg/L)	Identification of material	Known density
A	3.39 L	65.14 kg	19.22 kg/L	Gold	19.3 kg/L
B	0.64 L	.64 kg	1 kg/L	Water	1.00 kg/L
C	4.08 L	4.08 kg	1 kg/L	Water	1.00 kg/L
D	3.10 L	3.10 kg	1 kg/L	Water	1.00 kg/L
E	1.00 L	3.53 kg	3.53	Diamond	3.53 kg/L

5. Identify and post on your blog the Science Standards that could be met through these activities completed in Activity 5

·         Science Performance Standard A

o   Grade 4: A. 4.3 When investigating a science-related problem, decide what data can be collected to determine the most useful explanation

o   Grade 8: A. 8.1 Develop their understanding of science themes by using the themes to frame questions about science-related issues and problems.

·         Science Inquiry Performance Standards Standard C

o   Grade 4: C.4.5 Use data they collected to develop explanations and answer questions generated by investigations

o   Grade 8: C.8.1 Identify questions they can investigate using resources and equipment that have available

o   Grade 8: C.8.8 Use computer software and other technologies to organize, process, and present their data